![]() However, not all colonies were new cities. Augustus, who needed to settle over a hundred thousand of his veterans after the end of his civil wars, began a massive colony creation program throughout his empire. BC 100 Eporedia (Transpadana, today Piemonte region)Ĭolonies were not founded on a large scale until the inception of the Principate.BC 181 Aquilea (Venetia es Histria) Gravisca (Latium).BC 184 Pisaurum (Umbria), Potentia Romanorum (Lucania et Bruttii).BC 192 Vibo Valentia (Lucania et Bruttii).BC 197–192 Volturnum, Liternum, Puteoli, Salernum (Campania) Sipontum, Buxentum (Calabria).BC 289 (or in BC 283) Sena Gallica (Umbria).BC 269 Castrum Novum Picenii in BC 286), BC 264(?) Picenum colonies (Abruzzo).BC 290(?) Hatri (Atria) by Adriatic sea (Abruzzo).BC 290 Pinceum besieged and occupied, soon became a Roman colony.BC 291 Venusia (Apulia) colonia (20,000 male inhabitants) to control the Samnis tribes.BC 299 Nequinum (Narnia/ Narni in Etruria and Umbria) was a keypoint fortress against the Samnis tribes.Ufentina tribus established (on territories of Volscus city Antium), Privernum, Velitrae, Terracia, Fondi and Fotmiae made contract with Rome (cives sine suffragio) Ius comercii contracts made with Circei, Notba, Setia, Signia, Nepi, Ardea, Gabii Latin ius contracts made with Tibur, Praeneste, Lavinium, Cora (Latium) New Roman municipiums made from small towns around Rome: Aricia, Lanuvium, Nomentum, Pedum, Tusculum. BC 318 Falerna tribus established, Cales made contract with Rome again.BC 332 (two new voting tribus established): Scaptia, Maecia.BC 338 Capua inhabitants got Roman civil rights.New bilateral defence contracts with Falerii, Tarquinii (Etruria) Caere (again), Pomptina and Poplilia tribus (tribes) formed in territories of Antium BC 332 (or after): Sutrium, Nepete (Latium),.BC 354–349 Tibur, Praeneste, Caere( Latium) alliance agreement.BC 385 Satricum (lost and burned in BC 346).4 new tribus organised (Stellatina, Tromentana, Sabatina, Arniensis) BC 745 (or 737) Fidenae became a Roman colony.BC 752 at Antemnae and Crustumerium, both in Latium.In the Empire colonies became large centres for the settlement of army veterans, especially in Roman north Africa which had the largest density of Roman colonies per region in the Roman Empire, where the Italic population constituted more than one third of the total population during the second century AD. The first Roman colony outside Italy was probably Italica in Hispania founded in 206 BC by Publius Cornelius Scipio during the Second Carthaginian War. ![]() In this first period of colonisation, which lasted down to the end of the Punic Wars, colonies were primarily military in purpose, being intended to defend Roman territory. Other early colonies were established at Signia in the 6th century BC, Velitrae and Norba in the 5th century BC, and Ostia, Antium, and Tarracina in the late 4th century. History Īccording to Livy, Rome's first colonies were established in about 752 BC at Antemnae and Crustumerium, both in Latium. Under Caesar and in the Imperial era starting from Augustus, thousands of Roman legionary veterans were granted lands in many coloniae in the empire and were responsible for the Romanization of many territories (mainly in the spread of Latin language and of Roman laws and customs). ![]() They lost their citizenship which they could regain if they returned to Rome.Īfter 133 BC tribunes introduced reforms to support the urban poor to become farmers again in new colonies as agricultural settlements (e.g. The colonists were given large estates up to 35 hectares. They may have been similar to the Athenian cleruchy. They were military strongholds near or in enemy territory. Latin colonies ( coloniae Latinae) were considerably larger than Roman colonies.The colonists consisted of about three hundred Roman veterans with their families who were assigned from 1 to 2.5 hectares of agricultural land from the ager colonicus (state land), as well as free use of the ager compascus scripturarius (common state land) for pasture and woodland. Roman colonies, coloniae civium Romanorum or coloniae maritimae, as they were often built near the sea, e.g.Under the Roman Republic, which had no standing army, their own citizens were planted in conquered towns as a kind of garrison. It is also the origin of the modern term " colony". Eventually, however, the term came to denote the highest status of a Roman city. A Roman colonia ( pl.: coloniae) was originally a settlement of Roman citizens, establishing a Roman outpost in federated or conquered territory, for the purpose of securing it.
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